The Liver and Spleen: Understanding Skin Rash Diseases
A number of disease states involve skin rashes that are rooted in spleen and liver-involvement. Below are several of these diseases that have their roots in the spleen and in the liver:
- Mononucleosis
- HIV
- Malaria
- Tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Lupus
- Lymphoma / Sezary syndrome
- Skin lymphoma / Cutaneous lymphoma
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura / HSP
- Mast Cell Activation Syndrome / MCAS / Systemic Mastocytosis
- Splenic Sequestration Crisis
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum / Skin Ulcers
- Smallpox / Variola virus
- Monkeypox / Mpox
Quassia amara is one of a number of herbs that can be used to treat digestive issues, malaria, and also skin rash or skin sores. While at first, this combination of symptoms may seem unrelated or even just distantly related, in fact, digestive issues can develop if the liver is in a state of necrosis (cell death due to viral infection) and it stops producing adequate bile for digestion and the regular “cleaning” and detoxification of the intestines. A lack of adequate amounts of bile during digestion, in turn, can lead to an exacerbation of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies as bile deficiency makes the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins possible. Vitamin A deficiency, specifically, can then become a source of weakness in the body that can, in the case of measles, specifically, lead to vulnerability to secondary infection and an inability to overcome the infection.
Kwashiorkor, a type of protein deficiency that leads to liver infiltrates and a general weakening of liver tissues, can lead to enzyme deficiencies that, in turn, create a downward spiraling effect in terms of human health. Quassia amara administered internally acts to increase gastrointestinal transit at a dose of 500-1000 mg / kg body weight to prevent and protect against ulcer generation. The animals who received Quassia amara treatment experienced a reduction in acid levels specifically. At a higher dose of 1500 mg / kg body weight, non-protein sulfhydryl groups began to be increased with a positive impact on mucus production as well.
Malaria is a protozoa that replicates itself first inside the liver and then later, inside red blood cells. It is a blood-borne infection that specifically impacts the spleen and the liver through its involvement with red-blood cells. Spleen and liver inflammation can further lead to digestive issues as these organs push on the stomach and the intestines to cause severe digestive discomfort. And then a skin rash, blisters, or skin sores can develop as a result of spleen involvement when infectious pathogens reach critical mass.
Click here to buy Quassia amara extract.
The wood part of the Quassia amara plant is used as a decoction / tea for digestive upsets, malaria, and skin sores in the country of Guyana. Wood chips that have been decocted are also used for persistent venereal ulcers. An infusion of wood, fresh roots, seeds, or the flower of Quassia amara is used to reduce non-malarial fevers as well as to get rid of malarial fevers (by getting rid of the malaria infection). An infusion of the Quassia amara flower relieves the heavy feeling in the stomach that’s caused by liver and spleen inflammation.The wood of the Quassia amara tree is also used to treat snakebite in some areas of the world, a problem that may seem far removed from the day-to-day of modern civilization. In fact, herbal antidotes to snake venom typically work through some mechanism of action impacting the cholinergic system of the body – the part of the nervous system that uses acetylcholine as the primary neurotransmitter. The cholinergic nervous system is made up of two types of receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and while, in the modern industrialized world, individuals are rarely bitten by poisonous snakes, we still have issues that develop as a result of toxins that interact in a snake-poison-like way with the cholinergic system.
During the COVID pandemic and after the COVID vax injuries started coming to light, rumors that the COVID vaccine contained snake venom started spreading. In fact, these rumors were based on an important truth that’s been scientifically proven about pathogenic infection, namely that infectious agents, including viral particles such as the COVID spike protein and certain bacterial toxins, can lodge into nicotinic or muscarinic receptors in the cholinergic nervous system to cause a wide range of physiological symptoms of disease.
When COVID spike proteins lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors of the body, a number of strange issues resembling snakebite symptoms can develop.
Cytokine storm, previously known as “sepsis”, is a condition of hyper-reactivity of the immune system. The cholinergic inflammatory pathway can either contribute to or lessen the overall impact of an infection that leads to cytokine storm / sepsis. Nicotinic receptors that belong to the cholinergic system, which includes, not just nicotinic receptors located on nerve tissues, but also nicotinic receptors that are located on platelets and macrophages can contribute to cytokine storm symptoms if nicotinic receptors are being blocked by viral proteins or bacterial toxins.
In many diseases like measles infection, cytokine storm and sepsis are rare, but they’re still a potentially serious complication of these diseases. A secondary, bacterial pneumonia infection, as well as encephalitis / brain inflammation, and blindness are other, more common, but also serious complications of measles infection. In all cases, these complications develop as a result of an “inappropriate” immune system response. I should point out here though, that, while conventional medicine does not recognize a relationship to pneumonia and lung complications, skin rash, spleen infection, neuroinflammation, and blindness, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) does.
Click here to schedule a health coaching call with us.
In TCM, the spleen and the lung have a “mother-child” relationship. The spleen is viewed as The Mother and the lung as The Child. The function of the spleen is tightly connected with the lungs taking in air and distributing oxygen with the spleen taking in nutrients and distributing those nutrients in the blood. The lung also have a connection to the skin and the functioning of the lungs is reflected in skin conditions, including rashes. The lungs rely on the spleen for proper functioning and if the spleen begins to fail in its normal functioning, the lungs may develop problems such as pneumonia. Both the lungs and the spleen work together to maintain the body’s energy through the uptake and distribution of oxygen and nutrients in the blood. Fluid balance involves an interplay between the lungs, spleen, and kidneys.Scientists have studied the use of low-dose nicotine (such as the low-dose found in 3rd stage, nicotine patches for smoking cessation) as a substance that can significantly improve survival in patients with cytokine storm or sepsis. Nicotinic receptors exist in the spleen, in the skin, and in the lungs. The success of using nicotine for cytokine storms may be due, at least in part, to the fact that nicotine and certain other nicotine-agonists can protect the nicotinic receptors located in nervous system tissues and also on platelets and in macrophages, from bacterial toxins or viral particles such as the COVID spike protein, that can lodge themselves in nicotinic receptors, and prevent these nicotinic-bacterial-toxins or viral particles from causing sepsis or cytokine storm-like symptoms from developing.
This may explain why, for example, the herbal remedy Lobelia inflata has been used with such miraculous healing effects on the body when properly applied in either adults or children. Lobelia inflata, in particular, is used as an herbal remedy for whooping cough and diphtheria.
Click here to learn more and download the Living Database now.
Lobelia inflata contains Lobeline, a substance that interacts with nicotinic receptors with 5-20% of the same level of affinity as nicotine (nicotine is found in Nicotiana rustica / tobacco). Nicotine, a substance found naturally in Tobacco / Nicotiana rustica, of course, is the gold-standard as a natural substance in terms of interaction with nicotinic receptors. While acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that interacts with both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the human body, there are many substances both in nature and that have been synthesized to dock into either the nicotinic or the muscarinic receptors in a lab that can heal the all-important cholinergic system of the body.In any case, during an infection with the measles virus or with smallpox or another serious infection that causes a rash following infection of the spleen and the liver, viruses in particular end up in the dermal blood vessels. Skin lesions develop (if the rash involves lesions) as capillaries dilate and the endothelium of blood vessels become inflamed. Virus particles that lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors to cause skin rash can be removed from the receptors in the skin using a Quassia amara bath or wash for smallpox and measles, suggesting that this herb contains one or more substances with an affinity for the nicotinic receptors in the skin.
Click here to learn more about the CDS / MMS Protocols Database.
Click here for more information about dosing Quassia amara as an herbal treatment for measles.
Resources:
• Balkrishna, A. et al. (2022). Quassia amara L.: A Comprehensive Review of its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity. A Retrieved March 17, 2025 from https://www.phytopharmajournal.com/Vol11_Issue3_10.pdf
A number of disease states involve skin rashes that are rooted in spleen and liver-involvement. Below are several of these diseases that have their roots in the spleen and in the liver:
Quassia amara is one of a number of herbs that can be used to treat digestive issues, malaria, and also skin rash or skin sores. While at first, this combination of symptoms may seem unrelated or even just distantly related, in fact, digestive issues can develop if the liver is in a state of necrosis (cell death due to viral infection) and it stops producing adequate bile for digestion and the regular “cleaning” and detoxification of the intestines. A lack of adequate amounts of bile during digestion, in turn, can lead to an exacerbation of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies as bile deficiency makes the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins possible. Vitamin A deficiency, specifically, can then become a source of weakness in the body that can, in the case of measles, specifically, lead to vulnerability to secondary infection and an inability to overcome the infection.
Kwashiorkor, a type of protein deficiency that leads to liver infiltrates and a general weakening of liver tissues, can lead to enzyme deficiencies that, in turn, create a downward spiraling effect in terms of human health. Quassia amara administered internally acts to increase gastrointestinal transit at a dose of 500-1000 mg / kg body weight to prevent and protect against ulcer generation. The animals who received Quassia amara treatment experienced a reduction in acid levels specifically. At a higher dose of 1500 mg / kg body weight, non-protein sulfhydryl groups began to be increased with a positive impact on mucus production as well.
Malaria is a protozoa that replicates itself first inside the liver and then later, inside red blood cells. It is a blood-borne infection that specifically impacts the spleen and the liver through its involvement with red-blood cells. Spleen and liver inflammation can further lead to digestive issues as these organs push on the stomach and the intestines to cause severe digestive discomfort. And then a skin rash, blisters, or skin sores can develop as a result of spleen involvement when infectious pathogens reach critical mass.
The wood of the Quassia amara tree is also used to treat snakebite in some areas of the world, a problem that may seem far removed from the day-to-day of modern civilization. In fact, herbal antidotes to snake venom typically work through some mechanism of action impacting the cholinergic system of the body – the part of the nervous system that uses acetylcholine as the primary neurotransmitter. The cholinergic nervous system is made up of two types of receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and while, in the modern industrialized world, individuals are rarely bitten by poisonous snakes, we still have issues that develop as a result of toxins that interact in a snake-poison-like way with the cholinergic system.
During the COVID pandemic and after the COVID vax injuries started coming to light, rumors that the COVID vaccine contained snake venom started spreading. In fact, these rumors were based on an important truth that’s been scientifically proven about pathogenic infection, namely that infectious agents, including viral particles such as the COVID spike protein and certain bacterial toxins, can lodge into nicotinic or muscarinic receptors in the cholinergic nervous system to cause a wide range of physiological symptoms of disease.
When COVID spike proteins lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors of the body, a number of strange issues resembling snakebite symptoms can develop.
Cytokine storm, previously known as “sepsis”, is a condition of hyper-reactivity of the immune system. The cholinergic inflammatory pathway can either contribute to or lessen the overall impact of an infection that leads to cytokine storm / sepsis. Nicotinic receptors that belong to the cholinergic system, which includes, not just nicotinic receptors located on nerve tissues, but also nicotinic receptors that are located on platelets and macrophages can contribute to cytokine storm symptoms if nicotinic receptors are being blocked by viral proteins or bacterial toxins.
In many diseases like measles infection, cytokine storm and sepsis are rare, but they’re still a potentially serious complication of these diseases. A secondary, bacterial pneumonia infection, as well as encephalitis / brain inflammation, and blindness are other, more common, but also serious complications of measles infection. In all cases, these complications develop as a result of an “inappropriate” immune system response. I should point out here though, that, while conventional medicine does not recognize a relationship to pneumonia and lung complications, skin rash, spleen infection, neuroinflammation, and blindness, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) does.
Scientists have studied the use of low-dose nicotine (such as the low-dose found in 3rd stage, nicotine patches for smoking cessation) as a substance that can significantly improve survival in patients with cytokine storm or sepsis. Nicotinic receptors exist in the spleen, in the skin, and in the lungs. The success of using nicotine for cytokine storms may be due, at least in part, to the fact that nicotine and certain other nicotine-agonists can protect the nicotinic receptors located in nervous system tissues and also on platelets and in macrophages, from bacterial toxins or viral particles such as the COVID spike protein, that can lodge themselves in nicotinic receptors, and prevent these nicotinic-bacterial-toxins or viral particles from causing sepsis or cytokine storm-like symptoms from developing.
This may explain why, for example, the herbal remedy Lobelia inflata has been used with such miraculous healing effects on the body when properly applied in either adults or children. Lobelia inflata, in particular, is used as an herbal remedy for whooping cough and diphtheria.
In any case, during an infection with the measles virus or with smallpox or another serious infection that causes a rash following infection of the spleen and the liver, viruses in particular end up in the dermal blood vessels. Skin lesions develop (if the rash involves lesions) as capillaries dilate and the endothelium of blood vessels become inflamed. Virus particles that lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors to cause skin rash can be removed from the receptors in the skin using a Quassia amara bath or wash for smallpox and measles, suggesting that this herb contains one or more substances with an affinity for the nicotinic receptors in the skin.
Click here for more information about dosing Quassia amara as an herbal treatment for measles.
Resources:
• Slifka, M. K. et al. (2003). Measles virus infection results in suppression of both innate and adaptive immune responses to secondary bacterial infection. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC153759/
• Chapman, J. et al. (2023). Splenomegaly. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430907/
• Bleyer, A. (1926). Enlargement of the Spleen in Measles. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/1174240
• No Author (1999). Clinical Features of Smallpox (chapter) taken from Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230904/#:~:text=The%20likely%20sites%20for%20viral,blood%20is%20largely%20cell%2Dassociated.
• Toma, W. et al. (2003). Evaluation of the analgesic and antiedematogenic activities of Quassia amara bark extract. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10910294_Evaluation_of_the_analgesic_and_antiedematogenic_activities_of_Quassia_amara_bark_extract
• Diehl, C. et al. (2016). Novel antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of Quassia amara wood extract. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Novel-antibacterial%2C-antifungal-and-antiparasitic-Diehl-Reznichenko/826efec68067cb4533fe00c0ad419b1888ba2868
• Matsuda, A. et al. (2012). Novel therapeutic targets for sepsis: regulation of exaggerated inflammatory responses. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398786/
• No Author (n.d.) Lobelia inflata. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/lobelia-inflata#:~:text=Traditionally%2C%20Lobelia%20inflata%20has%20been,of%20the%20potency%20of%20nicotine).
• Brazil, M. (2004). Nicotine goes into septic shock. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd1586#:~:text=Well%20known%20for%20being%20a%20mild%20stimulant%2C,according%20to%20research%20published%20in%20Nature%20Medicine.&text=The%20'nicotinic%20anti%2Dinflammatory%20pathway'%20could%20explain%20the,suggests%20therapeutic%20potential%20for%20other%20inflammatory%20disorders.
• Stegemann, A. and Bohm, M. (2020). Targeting the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-A novel road toward the future treatment of skin diseases. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32780438/
BEFORE YOU READ THIS ARTICLE...
Be sure to take a look at a few of our e-Books titles below that might pertain to your health search:
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The Liver and Spleen: Understanding Skin Rash Diseases
A number of disease states involve skin rashes that are rooted in spleen and liver-involvement. Below are several of these diseases that have their roots in the spleen and in the liver:
- Mononucleosis
- HIV
- Malaria
- Tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Lupus
- Lymphoma / Sezary syndrome
- Skin lymphoma / Cutaneous lymphoma
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura / HSP
- Mast Cell Activation Syndrome / MCAS / Systemic Mastocytosis
- Splenic Sequestration Crisis
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum / Skin Ulcers
- Smallpox / Variola virus
- Monkeypox / Mpox
Quassia amara is one of a number of herbs that can be used to treat digestive issues, malaria, and also skin rash or skin sores. While at first, this combination of symptoms may seem unrelated or even just distantly related, in fact, digestive issues can develop if the liver is in a state of necrosis (cell death due to viral infection) and it stops producing adequate bile for digestion and the regular “cleaning” and detoxification of the intestines. A lack of adequate amounts of bile during digestion, in turn, can lead to an exacerbation of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies as bile deficiency makes the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins possible. Vitamin A deficiency, specifically, can then become a source of weakness in the body that can, in the case of measles, specifically, lead to vulnerability to secondary infection and an inability to overcome the infection.
Kwashiorkor, a type of protein deficiency that leads to liver infiltrates and a general weakening of liver tissues, can lead to enzyme deficiencies that, in turn, create a downward spiraling effect in terms of human health. Quassia amara administered internally acts to increase gastrointestinal transit at a dose of 500-1000 mg / kg body weight to prevent and protect against ulcer generation. The animals who received Quassia amara treatment experienced a reduction in acid levels specifically. At a higher dose of 1500 mg / kg body weight, non-protein sulfhydryl groups began to be increased with a positive impact on mucus production as well.
Malaria is a protozoa that replicates itself first inside the liver and then later, inside red blood cells. It is a blood-borne infection that specifically impacts the spleen and the liver through its involvement with red-blood cells. Spleen and liver inflammation can further lead to digestive issues as these organs push on the stomach and the intestines to cause severe digestive discomfort. And then a skin rash, blisters, or skin sores can develop as a result of spleen involvement when infectious pathogens reach critical mass.
Click here to buy Quassia amara extract.
The wood part of the Quassia amara plant is used as a decoction / tea for digestive upsets, malaria, and skin sores in the country of Guyana. Wood chips that have been decocted are also used for persistent venereal ulcers. An infusion of wood, fresh roots, seeds, or the flower of Quassia amara is used to reduce non-malarial fevers as well as to get rid of malarial fevers (by getting rid of the malaria infection). An infusion of the Quassia amara flower relieves the heavy feeling in the stomach that’s caused by liver and spleen inflammation.The wood of the Quassia amara tree is also used to treat snakebite in some areas of the world, a problem that may seem far removed from the day-to-day of modern civilization. In fact, herbal antidotes to snake venom typically work through some mechanism of action impacting the cholinergic system of the body – the part of the nervous system that uses acetylcholine as the primary neurotransmitter. The cholinergic nervous system is made up of two types of receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and while, in the modern industrialized world, individuals are rarely bitten by poisonous snakes, we still have issues that develop as a result of toxins that interact in a snake-poison-like way with the cholinergic system.
During the COVID pandemic and after the COVID vax injuries started coming to light, rumors that the COVID vaccine contained snake venom started spreading. In fact, these rumors were based on an important truth that’s been scientifically proven about pathogenic infection, namely that infectious agents, including viral particles such as the COVID spike protein and certain bacterial toxins, can lodge into nicotinic or muscarinic receptors in the cholinergic nervous system to cause a wide range of physiological symptoms of disease.
When COVID spike proteins lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors of the body, a number of strange issues resembling snakebite symptoms can develop.
Cytokine storm, previously known as “sepsis”, is a condition of hyper-reactivity of the immune system. The cholinergic inflammatory pathway can either contribute to or lessen the overall impact of an infection that leads to cytokine storm / sepsis. Nicotinic receptors that belong to the cholinergic system, which includes, not just nicotinic receptors located on nerve tissues, but also nicotinic receptors that are located on platelets and macrophages can contribute to cytokine storm symptoms if nicotinic receptors are being blocked by viral proteins or bacterial toxins.
In many diseases like measles infection, cytokine storm and sepsis are rare, but they’re still a potentially serious complication of these diseases. A secondary, bacterial pneumonia infection, as well as encephalitis / brain inflammation, and blindness are other, more common, but also serious complications of measles infection. In all cases, these complications develop as a result of an “inappropriate” immune system response. I should point out here though, that, while conventional medicine does not recognize a relationship to pneumonia and lung complications, skin rash, spleen infection, neuroinflammation, and blindness, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) does.
Click here to schedule a health coaching call with us.
In TCM, the spleen and the lung have a “mother-child” relationship. The spleen is viewed as The Mother and the lung as The Child. The function of the spleen is tightly connected with the lungs taking in air and distributing oxygen with the spleen taking in nutrients and distributing those nutrients in the blood. The lung also have a connection to the skin and the functioning of the lungs is reflected in skin conditions, including rashes. The lungs rely on the spleen for proper functioning and if the spleen begins to fail in its normal functioning, the lungs may develop problems such as pneumonia. Both the lungs and the spleen work together to maintain the body’s energy through the uptake and distribution of oxygen and nutrients in the blood. Fluid balance involves an interplay between the lungs, spleen, and kidneys.Scientists have studied the use of low-dose nicotine (such as the low-dose found in 3rd stage, nicotine patches for smoking cessation) as a substance that can significantly improve survival in patients with cytokine storm or sepsis. Nicotinic receptors exist in the spleen, in the skin, and in the lungs. The success of using nicotine for cytokine storms may be due, at least in part, to the fact that nicotine and certain other nicotine-agonists can protect the nicotinic receptors located in nervous system tissues and also on platelets and in macrophages, from bacterial toxins or viral particles such as the COVID spike protein, that can lodge themselves in nicotinic receptors, and prevent these nicotinic-bacterial-toxins or viral particles from causing sepsis or cytokine storm-like symptoms from developing.
This may explain why, for example, the herbal remedy Lobelia inflata has been used with such miraculous healing effects on the body when properly applied in either adults or children. Lobelia inflata, in particular, is used as an herbal remedy for whooping cough and diphtheria.
Click here to learn more and download the Living Database now.
Lobelia inflata contains Lobeline, a substance that interacts with nicotinic receptors with 5-20% of the same level of affinity as nicotine (nicotine is found in Nicotiana rustica / tobacco). Nicotine, a substance found naturally in Tobacco / Nicotiana rustica, of course, is the gold-standard as a natural substance in terms of interaction with nicotinic receptors. While acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that interacts with both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the human body, there are many substances both in nature and that have been synthesized to dock into either the nicotinic or the muscarinic receptors in a lab that can heal the all-important cholinergic system of the body.In any case, during an infection with the measles virus or with smallpox or another serious infection that causes a rash following infection of the spleen and the liver, viruses in particular end up in the dermal blood vessels. Skin lesions develop (if the rash involves lesions) as capillaries dilate and the endothelium of blood vessels become inflamed. Virus particles that lodge themselves in the nicotinic receptors to cause skin rash can be removed from the receptors in the skin using a Quassia amara bath or wash for smallpox and measles, suggesting that this herb contains one or more substances with an affinity for the nicotinic receptors in the skin.
Click here to learn more about the CDS / MMS Protocols Database.
Click here for more information about dosing Quassia amara as an herbal treatment for measles.
Resources:
• Balkrishna, A. et al. (2022). Quassia amara L.: A Comprehensive Review of its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity. A Retrieved March 17, 2025 from https://www.phytopharmajournal.com/Vol11_Issue3_10.pdf
• Slifka, M. K. et al. (2003). Measles virus infection results in suppression of both innate and adaptive immune responses to secondary bacterial infection. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC153759/
• Chapman, J. et al. (2023). Splenomegaly. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430907/
• Bleyer, A. (1926). Enlargement of the Spleen in Measles. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/1174240
• No Author (1999). Clinical Features of Smallpox (chapter) taken from Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230904/#:~:text=The%20likely%20sites%20for%20viral,blood%20is%20largely%20cell%2Dassociated.
• Toma, W. et al. (2003). Evaluation of the analgesic and antiedematogenic activities of Quassia amara bark extract. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10910294_Evaluation_of_the_analgesic_and_antiedematogenic_activities_of_Quassia_amara_bark_extract
• Diehl, C. et al. (2016). Novel antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of Quassia amara wood extract. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Novel-antibacterial%2C-antifungal-and-antiparasitic-Diehl-Reznichenko/826efec68067cb4533fe00c0ad419b1888ba2868
• Matsuda, A. et al. (2012). Novel therapeutic targets for sepsis: regulation of exaggerated inflammatory responses. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22398786/
• No Author (n.d.) Lobelia inflata. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/lobelia-inflata#:~:text=Traditionally%2C%20Lobelia%20inflata%20has%20been,of%20the%20potency%20of%20nicotine).
• Brazil, M. (2004). Nicotine goes into septic shock. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd1586#:~:text=Well%20known%20for%20being%20a%20mild%20stimulant%2C,according%20to%20research%20published%20in%20Nature%20Medicine.&text=The%20'nicotinic%20anti%2Dinflammatory%20pathway'%20could%20explain%20the,suggests%20therapeutic%20potential%20for%20other%20inflammatory%20disorders.
• Stegemann, A. and Bohm, M. (2020). Targeting the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-A novel road toward the future treatment of skin diseases. Retrieved March 18, 2025 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32780438/
