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Herbal Remedy for Schizophrenia, PTSD, and Mental Illness: Acorus calamus / Vacha / Sweet Flag

Posted By Jennifer Shipp | Jul 20, 2023

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Acorus calamus / Vacha / Sweet Flag

Acorus calamus is an extremely valuable herb that's safe for use in children (though not safe for use in pregnancy or lactation). This herb can be used to treat an array of mental illnesses and cognitive problem and it has been studied as an herbal remedy for autism.
Acorus calamus, also known as Sweet Flag, is a plant that belongs to the Acoraceae family. It is famous in Indian traditional medicine as Vacha, an herbal remedy for mental illness that has been in use for over 2000 years. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the herb is known as Acori Calami Rhizoma

In conventional medicine mental illness is a term that we use to describe many forms of behavioral, emotional, or thought-related problems that interfere with a patient’s functioning in relationships, at work, and at home. There are thousands of different diagnostic labels that might be applied to different patterns of mental illness by conventional psychologists or psychiatrists. So how is it that one herb might be used to treat both PTSD and depression? How is it possible that the same herbal remedy for schizophrenia might also work for bipolar disorder? Let me explain…

In conventional medicine as in conventional mental health, the goal for practitioners and all involved parties is to make money. Thus, conventional medicine and conventional mental health providers work with a system that maximizes their profits while minimizing cures for mental health problems and physical disease. Having tens of thousands of diagnostic labels that can be applied to patients helps create the sense that mental illness is a problem that is hard to overcome without an “educated” and “certified” professional. In reality, however, other models of mental health exist that are much simpler and that are based around the desire to cure patients rather than the desire to make money off of patients.

In order to understand how Acorus calamus can work as an herbal remedy for depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and more, I have to describe a model of brain dysfunction that’s common throughout the world. According to this model, when a child or an adult experiences a traumatic event, the right brain and the left brain become estranged from each other. Dr. Friedric Schiffer, Dr. C. M.  Anderson, and Dr. Martin Teicher are three scientists who believe that when the right brain and the left brain lose fluent communication with each other due to trauma, it is in fact, as though we have two minds or two personalities that are working against each other. 

In hypnotherapy, there are theorists who have developed theories of sub-personalities wherein normal, healthy people have 10-15 sub-personalities, each with different fortes and aptitudes. While having a number of sub-personalities is normal because each sub- personality has communication with other sub-personalities, people with “multiple” personalities (also known as Dissociative Identity Disorder) are regarded as an “abnormal” situation in which one or more personalities is not in communication with one or more other personalities. This theory of sub-personalities in hypnotherapy circles are related and similar, but still just a bit different from the theory that trauma creates a split between the right brain and the left brain leading to the experience of living in a body with two minds. 

The discovery of these “two minds” (one in the right brain and one in the left brain) occurred in the lab as a result of Lateral Visual Field Stimulation (LVFS) that elicited a dramatic display of these two disparate personalities in study participants. According to Dr. Schiffer, the two brain hemispheres are like “joined minds” or “mental Siamese twins” who learn to work together harmoniously during the early part of life. Each mind has a specialty and certain strengths and weaknesses. While the complementary experience of having twin minds can be positive and beneficial in certain situations, this harmony can be fragmented and damaged by trauma or abuse. When the two hemispheres of the brain are damaged by abuse or trauma, an imbalance takes shape which results in struggles of dominance between the two sides of the brain. The end result is an array of different manifestations of personality disorders, phobias, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and other forms of mental illness. 

According to this model of the Twin Minds, one of the brain hemispheres, usually the right side, retains the memory of the abuse or trauma. As a result, it is less mature. This side of the brain takes control during times of high stress or anger. When this happens, this “twin” may leave a path of destruction in his or her wake. Essentially, the side of the brain that retains the memory of the trauma and that is less mature will sabotage the efforts of the other side of the brain, the other “twin”. Both sides of the brain work against each other when there is mental illness to create an array of different conflicted states of mind that can be labeled and categorized in a variety of different ways. Or the problem of mental illness can be viewed as one problem that emanates from an inability for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate fluently and harmoniously.  

Anyone who has lived with a loved one who has suffered from PTSD, drug addiction, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or any form of mental illness has had the experience of feeling like the patient suffers from a Dr. Jekyl. and Mr. Hyde complex. The internal struggle for dominance between the two hemispheres of the brain leads sometimes to delusions, paranoia, and impulsive behaviors that are inconsistent with what the other, opposite side of the brain might do. Loved ones who are living with a patient with mental illness may find that the internal struggle may be projected onto them. Indeed, studies have shown that psychotherapy tends to foster an alliance between the therapist and only one of the patient’s hemispheres. The therapist and the patient’s right or left brain make an alliance against a common enemy, the other brain hemisphere…the other “twin”. Drug therapies such as tricyclic antidepressants do a similar thing by exaggerating the influence of one hemisphere of the brain over the other. 

So, as we begin this discussion of Acorus calamus as a possible cure for mental illness of various kinds, I have to start by providing a context wherein mental illness is generally caused by one thing (trauma or abuse) that leads to an inability for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate and work together harmoniously. 

What is Acorus calamus?



Acorus calamus is a brain and nervous system rejuvenator. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is an important medhya medicine that can be used to improve intellect and memory functions. The root and essential oil of this herb can be used in the treatment of the following ailments:

  • Mental Health Disorders
    • Depression / Antidepressant
    • Anxiety / Anti-anxiety
    • Schizophrenia / Anti-psychotic
    • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder / PTSD
    • Memory Loss / Amnesia
    • Postpartum Depression
    • Paralysis
    • Delayed speech in children
    • Delayed language milestones in children
  • Epilepsy / Anti-convulsant
  • Headache
  • Inflammation
  • Fever
  • Abdominal tumors
  • Kidney disease
  • Liver disease
  • Gallbladder disease 
  • Arthritis
  • Flatulence / gas
  • Muscle spasm
  • Menstruation Problems
    • Emmenagogue / Delayed or Absent Periods
    • Dysmenorrhea / Painful Periods
  • Tachycardia / Fast Heartbeat
  • High Blood Pressure / Antihypotensive
  • Cardiac stimulant
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Frozen Shoulder
  • Respiratory Disease
    • Cough / Croup
    • Asthma
    • Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    • Common Cold
    • Influenza
    • Sinus Infection
    • Laryngitis
    • Bronchitis
  • Obesity
  • Detoxifying
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders
    • Loss of appetite
    • Abdominal Distention
    • Diarrhea
    • Dysentery
    • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    • Constipation
  • Vocal cord diseases
  • Antibacterial
  • Antiparasitic
  • Hemorrhoid Treatment
  • Thermogenic / Produces heat in the body.
  • Teething Problems in Children
  • Insomnia
  • Diabetes
  • Neurological diseases
    • Alzheimer’s
    • Parkinson’s Disease / Tremors
    • Pain

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Acorus Calamus as a Nootropic Herb

Acorus calamus is well-known in Ayurvedic medicine as a powerful nootropic herb. The root is used to improve memory, thinking, intelligence, and mental ability. People throughout the ages have chewed the Acorus calamus root as a stimulant to keep them mentally alert when they’re tired. 

Acorus calamus increases attention and concentration and acts as both a stimulant and as a sedative herb. This herb also improves the circulation of the blood throughout the body including circulation of blood to the brain while making it easier to think clearly and concentrate.

Acorus Calamus as an Herbal Remedy for Dementia

Acorus calamus / Acori Calami Rhizoma is one of the most commonly prescribed herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia and memory impairment associated with aging. In the Far East, this herb is also prescribed for memory improvement as well. The beta-asarone in Acorus calamus improves cognition due to both its cholinergic effects and its function as an antioxidant.

Acorus calamus as an Herbal Remedy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome / IBS

Doctors generally prescribe antidepressants to individuals with IBS. Acorus calamus is both an herbal remedy for depression as well as an herbal remedy for IBS. After all, the digestive system is wired to produce peristaltic movements using the same neurotransmitters that are involved in depression. 

Herbal Remedy for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome

In folk medicine, Acorus calamus has been used to treat symptoms of allergy, asthma, and bronchitis. Because of this, scientists have studied Acorus calamus as an herbal remedy for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. Hot water extracts (a tea) made from Acorus calamus root is the most effective natural treatment for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome according to studies on different types of extracts of this herb. Patients may consider taking 500 mg of Acorus calamus either by itself or in combination with an equal amount of Zingiber officinale, Black Pepper, and Long Pepper.  

Herbal Remedy for Diabetes and Autoimmune Disease

Native American people used Acorus calamus as a treatment for autoimmunity and other serious diseases like diabetes that normally require a lot of time to heal. The use of this herb often allowed them to cure autoimmunity within about 30 days according to medical anthropological studies.

Herbal Epilepsy Treatment

Acorus calamus rhizomes are made into a paste and administered with honey. This herb has significant anticonvulsant activity against induced seizures in animal models of epilepsy. In Ayurvedic medicine, Acorus calamus is usually administered only after a purifying breathing exercise called Shodhana. According to studies, Acorus calamus decreases the duration of seizures

Acorus calamus: Herbal Remedy for Arthritis

Acorus calamus is administered as a paste to inflamed joints by combining about 500 mg of the powdered root with an equal volume of honey.

Acorus calamus as an Herbal Stimulant

A dry powder of Acorus calamus is administered with honey to produce a stimulant effect in the body. Though the net effect of Acorus calamus administration is a feeling of attentive wakefulness, some of the substances found in this herb have sedative effects to calm tension and anxiety. As such Acorus calamus can be useful as an herbal remedy for ADHD, poor concentration, and more.

Acorus calamus for Mental Health Problems

Acorus calamus powder is administered for the treatment of mental health problems. As a treatment for hysteria or other forms of mental illness, Acorus calamus can be administered as a powder that’s inhaled into the nose. 

Acorus calamus: Herbal Remedy for Migraine

Ayurvedic practitioners recommend that Acorus calamus be inhaled through the nose as a treatment for headache though it can also be administered as a tea.

Acorus calamus: Herbal Remedy for Earache and Tinnitus

After cooling, Acorus calamus can be instilled into the ear as a tea for the treatment of ear infection, earache, or tinnitus.

Acorus calamus: Herbal Remedy for Cancer

Studies have combined Acorus calamus, Terminalia chebula, and Glycyrrhiza glabra in a hydro-alcoholic extract to produce a powerful herbal remedy for cancer. These three herbs all have anti-cancer effects the licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) works to harmonize the effects of all three herbs in the mixture. 

Acorus calamus Essential Oil

Acorus calamus essential oil should never be taken orally. It is ONLY administered topically to the skin. Acorus calamus essential oil has many of the same medicinal benefits as Acorus calamus root, but the oil is more powerful as a hypotensive and as a sedative and should generally be used only under the guidance of a knowledgeable herbalist. 

Acorus calamus Root Dosing

Acorus calamus powder is usually given at a dose of 500 mg of powder in honey. The honey mixture may be added to warm water if needed. Doses of up to 100 to 200 mg per kilogram of the patient’s body weight have been shown to prevent pain in animal models of disease. This higher dose (100-200 mg per kg body weight) has also been shown to reduce seizure frequency in epilepsy.

Acorus essential oil should be administered with caution. It is stronger than the whole Acorus calamus root powder. 

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Resources:


Umamaheshwari, N.  and Rekha, A.  (2018). Sweet flag: (Acarus calamus)-An incredible medicinal herb.  Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue6/PartA/7-5-288-774.pdf


Nisha M. C., Rajeshkumar S. (2010). Survey of crude drugs from Coimbatore city. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289702669_Survey_of_crude_drugs_from_Coimbatore_city


Barbhuiya, A. R., et al. (2009). Diversity and conservation of medicinal plants in Barak valley, Northeast India. 

Sher Z.,  et al. (2011). Ethnobotanical studies of some plants of Chagharzai valley, district Buner, Pakistan.  Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/43(3)/PJB43(3)1445.pdf

Sharma, V. et al. (2014). Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): a review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24824923/


Kim, D. Y. et al. (2012). Inhibitory effects of Acorus calamus extracts on mast cell dependent anaphylactic reactions using mast cell and mouse model. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221862743_Inhibitory_effects_of_Acorus_calamus_extracts_on_mast_cell-dependent_anaphylactic_reactions_using_mast_cell_and_mouse_model


Bhat, S. D. et al. (2012). Anticonvulsant activity of raw and classically processed Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) rhizomes. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3456849/


Gopalakrishna, H. N. et al. (2010). Effect of Acorus Calamus on Electrical and Chemical Induced Seizures in Mice. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.fortunejournals.com/ijabpt/pdf/3734-ACORUS%20CALAMUS.pdf


Hazra, R. et al. (2007). Inhibitory role of Acorus calamus in ferric chloride-induced epileptogenesis in rat. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0960327107087791




Lu, Q. et al. (2022). Potential of natural products in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711322005086


Khwairakpam, A. D. et al. (2018). Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29389665/
Kim, D. Y. et al. (2012). Inhibitory effects of Acorus calamus extracts on mast cell-dependent anaphylactic reactions using mast cell and mouse model. Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366435/

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